Many people say that they express themselves verbally in the most accurate way, but for some, this method is through writing. Especially if these articles are liked, that person becomes a writer. Of course, we can attribute being a writer to one’s innate abilities, but there is also the technical dimension of the work. Expression techniques and forms of expression used in the text are extremely important.
According to the type of text written, the author definitely uses the most appropriate expression techniques and expression styles. Even if we are not a professional writer, we all inevitably apply some of these techniques, because in order to be a good reader, it is necessary to master these techniques. Let’s not stretch it, let’s take a closer look at the narration techniques and forms of expression.
First, let’s look at the basic forms of expression used in the text:
- descriptive narration
- Narrative narration
- explanatory narration
- Argumentative narration
Descriptive narration:
Descriptive narration, also known as descriptive narration, as the name suggests, is the narration of the transferred events or concepts in such a way that they fully come to life in the mind of the reader. Just like drawing a picture, all the information obtained as a result of observations is explained in the most detailed way possible, and it is aimed for the reader to visualize every detail in his mind.
Example;
The field was completely covered with people and horses. The back of the reaper on the mown sections of the dense, tall rye field; spikes dangling between his fingers, while bunching; the woman leaning over her child’s cradle in the shade, and the sheaves gathered in the cornflower-covered field were visible. On the other hand, the peasants without jackets and shirts were laying the bundles, standing on the cart, lifting dust in the dry heat of the field.
Narrative narration:
Narration, also known as narration, is the narration of a real or fictional event by narrating it. It is often confused with description, but while the time, place and persons are clear in the narrative narrative, the main characters or the main place are described in detail as if time had stopped in the descriptive narrative. Description is a photograph, narration is a short film.
Example;
After ten days in the village, I say goodbye to my friends and children and set off. The first stop will be the distant highlands. After a long and somewhat tiring journey, I came to Teyran Hill. After traveling a long way, both the horse and I were tired. I just stood there for a while, holding my head in my hands and closing my eyes. The horse came and stood before me as if it understood me; He became docile and lowered his head. Then he walked away.
Explanatory explanation:
The explanatory expression, also known as the explanation, is the expression for the sole purpose of giving information. The purpose of the texts created with this style of expression is to inform the reader about a subject. Therefore, the language is very simple and understandable. We do not see the author’s feelings or subjective comments in this type of text.
Example;
There are two Gül Baba in our history. Gül Baba, whose real name was Mehmet, who lived during the reign of Fatih, came to Anatolia from Şirvan, taught classes in the mosque built by Fatih and established a lodge in the village of Korucu, which was given to him. Gül Baba, who lived in the time of Kanuni and whose real name is Cafer, is a Bektashi dervish. He was martyred in Budin in 1548. This lovely dervish, who made the first Gül Baba forget with his reputation among the people, always had a rose in his turban.
Controversial narrative:
Argumentation, also known as argumentation, is when the author tells the reader his or her own opinion. The goal is to persuade the reader. The author defends his own opinion and tries to refute the opposing ideas. In such texts, the author uses a language as if there is someone in front of him and he is arguing with him.
Example;
I do not agree with the criticism made because fathers and children do not understand each other. Because, of course, fathers and children will not get along in a civilization-changing society. Today, knowledge, belief, morals, worldview etc. between fathers and children. why is it awkward. We fathers and their children should be afraid of their agreement, not their disagreement. If they agree, it means that the development has stopped.
What are the narrative techniques? Here are some of the most used narrative techniques in the novel and story:
- don’t tell
- Display
- inner speech technique
- internal analysis technique
- stream of consciousness technique
- Using dialog
- Summarizing
- depiction
- Don’t do flashbacks
Description:
There is a narrator in the narration technique and the events are narrated by this narrator. The more the narrator tells, the more the reader knows. The event is known not in its entirety, but through the eyes of the narrator.
Display:
There is no narrator in the demonstration technique, the event is told directly to the reader. The focus is on the reality of the event rather than the narrator.
Self-talk technique:
There is no narrator in the inner speech technique, but it is deeper than the demonstration technique because we learn the feelings and thoughts of the characters of the event as if they were talking to themselves. Narration is often given in the first person.
Internal analysis technique:
In the internal analysis technique, as in the internal speech technique, we learn the feelings and thoughts of the characters of the event. However, the most fundamental difference between them is that we learn these feelings and thoughts from the perspective of the dominant narrator in the internal analysis technique.
Stream of consciousness technique:
In the stream of consciousness technique, there is no narrator, the reader is alone with the character of the event. However, there is no sequential flow of emotions and thoughts as in the inner speech technique. Rather, we witness a kind of delirium.
Using dialog:
Using dialogue is one of the most basic narrative techniques. The communication between the two characters of the event is conveyed to the reader through these mutual dialogues. The reader sometimes only sees these dialogues, and sometimes the narrative is supported by internal conversations.
Summarizing:
Summarizing technique is a narrative technique mostly used in novels or long stories. If there are side stories that support the main event, they are conveyed to the reader as briefly as necessary by the author, without mentioning the details.
Depicting:
Depiction, also known as description, is both a form of expression and a technique of expression. In this technique, which has been developed with the romance movement, everything about the event is conveyed to the reader in both physical and spiritual details.
Don’t do flashbacks:
Making flashbacks is actually one of the most common narrative techniques we see in both literature and cinema. The main event takes place in the present, but in order to support the narrative, the author sometimes enriches the main event by telling stories from the past.
We answered the question of what are the narration techniques and forms of expression used to describe the events and concepts in a text in the most accurate way, and we talked about the most important details you should know about each of them.
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