Why did he choose to divide such sexes into two when there are other ways of reproduction?
How did this distinction occur in the evolution process and what are the biological advantages?
Evolutionary Importance of Sexual Reproduction
Approximately 1.2 billion years ago, living things, sexual reproduction called a reproduction made. Previously, many organisms prolonged with sexual reproduction, ie individuals were able to produce genetic copies on their own.
Why did nature turn to sexual reproduction, which was more complex?
Genetic Diversity: Sexual reproduction enables the mix of genes from different individuals. Genetic diversity also allows populations to be more resistant to environmental changes and diseases.
In sexual reproduction, genetic diversity does not occur because individuals constitute their copy, and all populations may become vulnerable to reasonable threats.
Natural selection and adaptation: As genetic diversity increases, some individuals become more advantageous to environmental factors. These individuals get more reproduction and transfer their genes to future generations. Sexual reproduction accelerates the process and ensures that breeds are more adequate to environmental changes.
The emergence of gender
Initially, the organisms that made sexual reproduction were produced with a system called İzogami. In other words, all the gametes (reproductive cells) were similar, but with time, the differentiation of the gametes became more advantageous, and the process called Anisogami began.
With Anisogami, the egg cells of the egg cells that were large, strongly strong and unable to move were the gametes of females. Small, low power, but high mobility sperm cells were men’s gameties.
The main reason for this distinction was that reproduction was more efficient. While large and nutritious gametirs supported the development of the embryo, small and fast Gamets accelerated the fertilization process.
In nature, female and male individuals play genetically different roles.
The reason for this is an evolutionary mechanism called sexual selection. Compared to Darwin’s theory, individuals with reasonable features can be more advantageous in terms of mating.
For example, a male peacock with colored feathers attracts more attention of females and transfers their genes to subsequent generations.
The gender selection process works with the competition in the middle of the males and the selective of females. Mabings compete with each other to mate with females. Strong lion males also protect females and gain the right to reproduction.
Females tend to choose men with the most sufficient genes in terms of reproduction. Healthy and flashy men are more attractive because these features show that they have strong genes.
Gender determination mechanisms in nature vary.
The XY gender determination system is common in mammals, while males have XY, females have XX chromosomes. The ZW gender system is seen in birds and some reptiles.
In the environmental gender determination system, gender is determined by environmental factors in some animals. For example, egg development temperature determines the gender in a number of turtle varieties.
Hermaphroditism seen in the snail is the system that has both female and male organs. They can produce eggs and sperm.
At this point, the following question comes to mind: Why aren’t there three or more gender?
The two -sex system is the easiest and most effective reproductive form. If there were three or more sexes, it would be difficult to find a suitable spouse and reproduction success would have decreased.
In addition, the two -sex system is performing the genetic rekomination in the most efficient way. If there were three or more sexes, the genetic mixture would become more complex and nature would be more difficult to maintain this process.
However, there are no types with more than one gender in nature. There are seven different sexes in a single -celled Tetrahymena Thermophila, but it is very few.
Let’s summarize:
Scientists think that the reason for the separation of gender emerges as a strategy that increases the survival of living things and the success of reproduction.
- Sexual reproduction increased genetic diversity and facilitated the harmony of varieties to the changing environment.
- Anisogami provided two different functions of gameties: large eggs and small sperm.
- Sexual selection has led to some individuals in terms of mating.
- The two -sex system has made the reproductive process more efficient.
As a result, it has adopted the gender system that is divided into female and male by experimenting, selecting and adapting nature as evolutionally the most successful way.
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