At the United Nations Conference on Biodiversity (COP15), more than 190 countries agreed to protect 30 percent of the Earth’s land and water by the end of the decade. The historic agreement was recently signed by the parties after nearly two weeks of negotiations in Montreal.Historic agreement signed
Under the agreement, each country has adopted the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, which promises to achieve more than 20 environmental goals by 2030. This framework text aims to prevent humans from driving species to extinction, to preserve the genetic diversity of the planet, and to ensure that the benefits of this biodiversity are used sustainably and fairly.
One of the biggest and most controversial parts of the agreement is the provision to “protect” at least 30 percent of lands, inland waters and coastal and marine areas by 2030. The United States and the Vatican have not officially joined the UN Convention on Biodiversity, which regulates this goal, often referred to as 30 x 30. However, the USA has its own target of 30 percent protection by 2030.The new UN biodiversity framework now considers this goal to be crowned with a major international agreement similar to the Paris climate agreement adopted in 2015. Nearly one million animal and plant species are now in danger of extinction, more than at any other time in human history, according to a 2019 UN assessment. By 2050, the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework aims to reduce the extinction rate of all species tenfold.
COP15 Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework targets
- Restore 30% of degraded ecosystems globally (on land and sea) by 2030
- Protect and manage 30% of areas (terrestrial, inland waters, coastal and marine) by 2030,
- Stop the extinction of known species and reduce the risk and rate of extinction of all species (including unknown) tenfold by 2050.
- Reducing pesticide risk by at least 50% by 2030,
- Reducing waste nutrients by at least 50% by 2030,
- By 2030, reducing the risks of pollution from all sources and the negative effects of pollution to levels that will not harm biodiversity and ecosystem functions,
- Reducing the global footprint of consumption by 2030, including significantly reducing overconsumption and waste generation and halving food waste.
- Sustainably manage areas within agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry and significantly increase agroecology and other biodiversity friendly practices.
- To combat climate change with nature-based solutions,
- Reducing the rate of introduction and establishment of invasive wild species by at least 50% by 2030,
- Ensure the safe, legal and sustainable status of wild species by 2030
- Greening urban areas.
Under the agreement, developed countries will provide developing countries with $20 billion in support by 2025 and $30 billion by 2030. At the same time, it is aimed to reduce the incentives and subsidies that are harmful to the environment by 500 billion dollars until 2030. There are 23 goals to be achieved under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. This new framework will completely replace the failed 2010 Aichi Biodiversity Goals.
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